A as the most abundant renewable resource on the earth, biomass has the advantages of low cost and no increase of atmospheric CO2 content, its application has become a research hotspot in the field of energy utilization and environmental protection. Native biomass can be prepared from a variety of functional carbon materials via Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC). This paper summarized the research progress in the preparation of carbon materials with wide range of uses by using HTC method from raw biomass. The application of carbon materials based on HTC in gas liquid adsorption, magnetic carbon materials, battery materials and other fields were also analyzed and prospected.